Similar to balance sheets, business valuations are prepared as of a specific date. Sometimes a valuation’s effective date is in the past, and events have occurred after the valuation date that would have impacted the company’s value if investors knew (or could have known) about them beforehand. Such retrospective valuations are common in litigation and…

Individual taxpayers faced significant tax planning uncertainty for the first six months of the year. Many provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) were scheduled to expire at the end of this year. However, after the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) became law in July, the federal tax rules for…

The value of a business isn’t directly determined by its historic performance. Instead, investors are more interested in the economic benefits the business will generate in the future. Past performance is only relevant to the extent that it demonstrates trends and is expected to continue going forward. This forward-looking approach applies whether an appraiser uses the…